Germany proposes plans to ease legal gender change
The German cabinet on Wednesday signed off
plans to help people change their legal gender more easily, but the proposals stirred criticism from feminists, politicians and even the trans community.
Under the proposals, Germans will be able to change their name or legal gender by making a simple application to their local registry office.
They will not have to give a reason or provide any medical information.
In the case of children under 14, parents will be able to submit the application. Minors over 14 may do it themselves, but only with the consent of their parents.
The law also includes penalties for anyone who "outs" a trans person without their permission.
It will take three months for a gender switch to take effect and no further changes will be allowed for a year.
The legislation, which need to be signed off by parliament, is intended to replace a law known as the Transsexuals Act dating back to 1980.
READ ALSO: Germany simplifies gender change procedure
Under that law, anyone who wanted to change their legal gender was forced to submit two psychological reports and the final decision lay with a court.
The changes would bring Germany in line with Belgium, Spain, Ireland, Luxembourg and Denmark, which have also passed legislation to make it easier for people to change their legal gender.
Families Minister Lisa Paus said the updated law would protect "the right of every person to be recognised in their gender identity and to be treated with respect".
"Those affected were discriminated against for more than 40 years by the Transsexuals Act. This is now finally over," she said.
Kalle Huempfner, a policy officer at the Bundesverband Trans (BVT) advocacy group, said the new law was a "paradigm shift" and a "historic opportunity".
"This is the first time a law has been presented by the government that respects the right of trans, non-binary and intersex people to self-determination," Huempfner told AFP.
The Transsexuals Act was "discriminatory and... reflects a perception of transgender people as having an illness", Huempfner said.
'Extreme and sweeping'
However, the plans, first unveiled in March, have led to a backlash from some sections.
Politicians from the conservative CDU-CSU have accused the coalition government -- the Social Democrats, Greens and pro-business FDP -- of going "too far in their extreme and sweeping approach".
They say anyone who wants to change their gender should consult experts first, and the process should be reserved for adults.
Some women's rights organisations also fear that predatory men could abuse the new rules to gain easy access to spaces reserved for women and girls.
In an interview with Der Spiegel magazine, German feminist Alice Schwarzer said the law would encourage young people to change gender simply because it was "fashionable".
The planned changes have also stirred up a debate around the fate of transgender people in prisons.
Rene Mueller, the chairman of Germany's prison trade union, has called for clear guidelines on the issue.
Trans activists, meanwhile, say the law does not go far enough to protect them from discrimination.
Their concerns include a paragraph that essentially gives saunas and swimming pools the right to decide for themselves what gender they think someone is, regardless of what is stated on their passport.
This approach "endangers the participation of trans people in everyday life" because they will stay away from such establishments for fear of being rejected or humiliated, Huempfner said.
The BVT has also raised concerns over how the law applies to minors over 14, as well as the number of exceptions to the penalties for "outing" people.
"We very much hope that the points of criticism that we have raised will be discussed in parliament," Huempfner said.
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Under the proposals, Germans will be able to change their name or legal gender by making a simple application to their local registry office.
They will not have to give a reason or provide any medical information.
In the case of children under 14, parents will be able to submit the application. Minors over 14 may do it themselves, but only with the consent of their parents.
The law also includes penalties for anyone who "outs" a trans person without their permission.
It will take three months for a gender switch to take effect and no further changes will be allowed for a year.
The legislation, which need to be signed off by parliament, is intended to replace a law known as the Transsexuals Act dating back to 1980.
READ ALSO: Germany simplifies gender change procedure
Under that law, anyone who wanted to change their legal gender was forced to submit two psychological reports and the final decision lay with a court.
The changes would bring Germany in line with Belgium, Spain, Ireland, Luxembourg and Denmark, which have also passed legislation to make it easier for people to change their legal gender.
Families Minister Lisa Paus said the updated law would protect "the right of every person to be recognised in their gender identity and to be treated with respect".
"Those affected were discriminated against for more than 40 years by the Transsexuals Act. This is now finally over," she said.
Kalle Huempfner, a policy officer at the Bundesverband Trans (BVT) advocacy group, said the new law was a "paradigm shift" and a "historic opportunity".
"This is the first time a law has been presented by the government that respects the right of trans, non-binary and intersex people to self-determination," Huempfner told AFP.
The Transsexuals Act was "discriminatory and... reflects a perception of transgender people as having an illness", Huempfner said.
'Extreme and sweeping'
However, the plans, first unveiled in March, have led to a backlash from some sections.
Politicians from the conservative CDU-CSU have accused the coalition government -- the Social Democrats, Greens and pro-business FDP -- of going "too far in their extreme and sweeping approach".
They say anyone who wants to change their gender should consult experts first, and the process should be reserved for adults.
Some women's rights organisations also fear that predatory men could abuse the new rules to gain easy access to spaces reserved for women and girls.
In an interview with Der Spiegel magazine, German feminist Alice Schwarzer said the law would encourage young people to change gender simply because it was "fashionable".
The planned changes have also stirred up a debate around the fate of transgender people in prisons.
Rene Mueller, the chairman of Germany's prison trade union, has called for clear guidelines on the issue.
Trans activists, meanwhile, say the law does not go far enough to protect them from discrimination.
Their concerns include a paragraph that essentially gives saunas and swimming pools the right to decide for themselves what gender they think someone is, regardless of what is stated on their passport.
This approach "endangers the participation of trans people in everyday life" because they will stay away from such establishments for fear of being rejected or humiliated, Huempfner said.
The BVT has also raised concerns over how the law applies to minors over 14, as well as the number of exceptions to the penalties for "outing" people.
"We very much hope that the points of criticism that we have raised will be discussed in parliament," Huempfner said.
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